Explain authorization and authentication?

 Authentication and authorization are the two words used in the security world. They might sound similar but are completely different from each other. Authentication is used to authenticate someone's identity, whereas authorization is a way to provide permission to someone to access a particular resource. These are the two basic security terms and hence need to be understood thoroughly. In this topic, we will discuss what authentication and authorization are and how they are differentiated from each other.

What is Authentication?

Authentication is the process of identifying someone's identity by assuring that the person is the same as what he is claiming for.

It is used by both server and client. The server uses authentication when someone wants to access the information, and the server needs to know who is accessing the information. The client uses it when he wants to know that it is the same server that it claims to be.

The authentication by the server is done mostly by using the username and password. Other ways of authentication by the server can also be done using cards, retina scans, voice recognition, and fingerprints.

Authentication does not ensure what tasks under a process one person can do, what files he can view, read, or update. It mostly identifies who the person or system is actually.

What is Authorization?

Authorization is the process of granting someone to do something. It means it a way to check if the user has permission to use a resource or not.

It defines that what data and information one user can access. It is also said as AuthZ.

The authorization usually works with authentication so that the system could know who is accessing the information.

Authorization is not always necessary to access information available over the internet. Some data available over the internet can be accessed without any authorization.

Authorization and authentication are two important concepts in computer security that are often used interchangeably, but they are actually different.

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. It is usually done by requesting the user to provide some credentials such as a username and password, a smart card, or biometric information like a fingerprint. Once the user's identity is confirmed, access is granted to the system or resource they are trying to access.

Authorization, on the other hand, is the process of granting or denying access to specific resources or actions based on the identity of the user. Once a user has been authenticated, the system checks the user's access privileges to determine if they are allowed to perform the requested action or access the requested resource. Access can be granted based on the user's role or group membership, their job responsibilities, or other criteria that have been set up by the system administrator.

In summary, authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, while authorization is the process of determining whether a user is allowed to perform a certain action or access a certain resource based on their identity. Both authentication and authorization are critical components of computer security and are used to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive information and resources.

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