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 Binary search is a searching algorithm used to find the position of a target value within a sorted array. Here's how it works: Start by setting the lower bound low to 0 and the upper bound high to the length of the array minus 1. Calculate the middle index mid as the average of low and high, rounded down to the nearest integer. Compare the target value with the value at the middle index in the array: If they're equal, the target value has been found. Return the middle index. If the target value is less than the middle value, set high to mid - 1 and repeat step 2. If the target value is greater than the middle value, set low to mid + 1 and repeat step 2. If the target value is not found after iterating through the array, return -1 to indicate that the value was not found. Here's the pseudocode for this algorithm: function binarySearch(array, target): low = 0 high = array.length - 1 while low <= high: mid = floor((low + high) / 2) if array[mid...

 write an algorithm to insert a node in the linked list? Start by creating a new node with the given data value. Check if the linked list is empty, and if so, make the new node the head of the list. If the linked list is not empty, traverse the list to find the position where you want to insert the new node. You can do this by starting at the head of the list and iterating through each node until you reach the desired position or the end of the list. Once you've found the position to insert the new node, adjust the pointers of the nodes accordingly: Set the new node's next pointer to the node currently at the desired position. If the desired position is not the head of the list, set the next pointer of the previous node to the new node. If the desired position is the head of the list, make the new node the new head of the list. Return the updated linked list. Here's the pseudocode for this algorithm: function insertNode(head, data, position): newNode = Node(data) // Cr...

 Natural resources are materials and substances found in nature that are essential for human life and economic development. These resources can be classified into two broad categories: renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be replenished over time through natural processes, such as sunlight, wind, water, and forests. These resources have the potential to provide an infinite supply of energy and raw materials if used sustainably. Examples of renewable resources include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, timber, and freshwater. Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, are finite and cannot be replenished once they are depleted. These include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as minerals like gold, silver, copper, and iron. These resources are typically formed over millions of years and are extracted through mining, drilling, and other forms of extraction. Natural resources play a crucial role in the econom...

 There are various network security issues that can pose a threat to the security and integrity of a computer network. Here are some of the common network security issues: Malware: Malware refers to any malicious software that is designed to harm or disrupt a network. Malware can include viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, ransomware, and other malicious programs. Phishing attacks: Phishing attacks are one of the most common types of cyber attacks, where attackers use fake emails or websites to trick users into providing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal information. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks: DoS attacks are designed to overwhelm a network or server with traffic, making it unavailable to users. This can cause significant downtime and disrupt normal operations. Password attacks: Password attacks involve attempting to gain unauthorized access to a network by guessing or cracking user passwords. This can be accomplished through brute...

 Authentication and authorization are the two words used in the security world. They might sound similar but are completely different from each other. Authentication is used to authenticate someone's identity, whereas authorization is a way to provide permission to someone to access a particular resource. These are the two basic security terms and hence need to be understood thoroughly. In this topic, we will discuss what authentication and authorization are and how they are differentiated from each other. What is Authentication? Authentication is the process of identifying someone's identity by assuring that the person is the same as what he is claiming for. It is used by both server and client. The server uses authentication when someone wants to access the information, and the server needs to know who is accessing the information. The client uses it when he wants to know that it is the same server that it claims to be. The authentication by the server is done mostly by using...

 It is imperative to have a backup of the database in case the original is corrupted or lost because of any reason. Using this backup, the database can be recovered as it was before the failure. Database backup basically means that a duplicate of the database information and data is created and stored in backup server just to be on the safe side. Transaction logs are also stored in the backup along with the database data because without them, the data would be useless. 1. Backup: Backup refers to storing a copy of original data which can be used in case of data loss. Backup is considered one of the approaches to data protection. Important data of the organization needs to be kept in backup efficiently for protecting valuable data. Backup can be achieved by storing a copy of the original data separately or in a database on storage devices. There are various types of backups are available like full backup, incremental backup, Local backup, mirror backup, etc. An example of a Backup c...

Database Schema: -    A database schema is the skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the entire database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are associated. It formulates all the constraints that are to be applied on the data. A database schema defines its entities and the relationship among them. It contains a descriptive detail of the database, which can be depicted by means of schema diagrams. It’s the database designers who design the schema to help programmers understand the database and make it useful. Design a schema for Record of Students of any UNIVERSITY School (school_id, school_name) Course(course_id, course_name, teacher_id) Teacher(teacher_id, teacher_name, school_id) Student(student_id, student_name, absent_days, tardy_days, school_id) Assignment(assignment_id, assignment_name, assignment_date, category, score, course_id, student_id) 2nd example School (school_id, school_name, course_id) Course(course_id, cours...