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 Natural resources are materials and substances found in nature that are essential for human life and economic development. These resources can be classified into two broad categories: renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be replenished over time through natural processes, such as sunlight, wind, water, and forests. These resources have the potential to provide an infinite supply of energy and raw materials if used sustainably. Examples of renewable resources include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, timber, and freshwater. Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, are finite and cannot be replenished once they are depleted. These include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as minerals like gold, silver, copper, and iron. These resources are typically formed over millions of years and are extracted through mining, drilling, and other forms of extraction. Natural resources play a crucial role in the economy an

 There are various network security issues that can pose a threat to the security and integrity of a computer network. Here are some of the common network security issues: Malware: Malware refers to any malicious software that is designed to harm or disrupt a network. Malware can include viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, ransomware, and other malicious programs. Phishing attacks: Phishing attacks are one of the most common types of cyber attacks, where attackers use fake emails or websites to trick users into providing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal information. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks: DoS attacks are designed to overwhelm a network or server with traffic, making it unavailable to users. This can cause significant downtime and disrupt normal operations. Password attacks: Password attacks involve attempting to gain unauthorized access to a network by guessing or cracking user passwords. This can be accomplished through brute for

 Authentication and authorization are the two words used in the security world. They might sound similar but are completely different from each other. Authentication is used to authenticate someone's identity, whereas authorization is a way to provide permission to someone to access a particular resource. These are the two basic security terms and hence need to be understood thoroughly. In this topic, we will discuss what authentication and authorization are and how they are differentiated from each other. What is Authentication? Authentication is the process of identifying someone's identity by assuring that the person is the same as what he is claiming for. It is used by both server and client. The server uses authentication when someone wants to access the information, and the server needs to know who is accessing the information. The client uses it when he wants to know that it is the same server that it claims to be. The authentication by the server is done mostly by using

 It is imperative to have a backup of the database in case the original is corrupted or lost because of any reason. Using this backup, the database can be recovered as it was before the failure. Database backup basically means that a duplicate of the database information and data is created and stored in backup server just to be on the safe side. Transaction logs are also stored in the backup along with the database data because without them, the data would be useless. 1. Backup: Backup refers to storing a copy of original data which can be used in case of data loss. Backup is considered one of the approaches to data protection. Important data of the organization needs to be kept in backup efficiently for protecting valuable data. Backup can be achieved by storing a copy of the original data separately or in a database on storage devices. There are various types of backups are available like full backup, incremental backup, Local backup, mirror backup, etc. An example of a Backup can b

Database Schema: -    A database schema is the skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the entire database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are associated. It formulates all the constraints that are to be applied on the data. A database schema defines its entities and the relationship among them. It contains a descriptive detail of the database, which can be depicted by means of schema diagrams. It’s the database designers who design the schema to help programmers understand the database and make it useful. Design a schema for Record of Students of any UNIVERSITY School (school_id, school_name) Course(course_id, course_name, teacher_id) Teacher(teacher_id, teacher_name, school_id) Student(student_id, student_name, absent_days, tardy_days, school_id) Assignment(assignment_id, assignment_name, assignment_date, category, score, course_id, student_id) 2nd example School (school_id, school_name, course_id) Course(course_id, course_name, t

In Hierarchical data model, relationship between table and data is defined in parent child structure. In this structure data are arranged in the form of a tree structure. This model supports one-to-one and one-to-many relationships. On the other hand, network model arrange data in graph structure. In this model each parents can have multiple children and children can also have multiple parents. This model supports many to many relationships also. The Network model and Hierarchical model are both data models used in database management systems, but they have some key differences: Structure: The Hierarchical model is based on a tree-like structure, where each record has a single parent and zero or more children. In contrast, the Network model is based on a graph-like structure, where each record can have multiple parent and child records. Flexibility: The Network model is more flexible than the Hierarchical model because it allows for more complex relationships between records. In the Ne

Definition Of Key  Keys play an important role in the relational database. It is used to uniquely identify any record or row of data from the table. It is also used to establish and identify relationships between tables. KEYS in DBMS is an attribute or set of attributes which helps you to identify a row(tuple) in a relation(table). They allow you to find the relation between two tables. Keys help you uniquely identify a row in a table by a combination of one or more columns in that table. Key is also helpful for finding unique record or row from the table. Database key is also helpful for finding unique record or row from the table. There are mainly Eight different types of Keys in DBMS and each key has it’s different functionality: Super Key Primary Key Candidate Key Alternate Key Foreign Key Compound Key Composite Key Surrogate Key Primary Key: A primary key is a column or set of columns in a table that uniquely identifies each row in the table. It is used to enforce entity integrity

How does E-R model help in Database design? Answer:   The E-R (Entity-Relationship) model is a widely used approach to designing databases. It helps in database design by providing a graphical representation of the database schema, which allows designers to visualize the relationships between entities and attributes in a database. The E-R model helps in database design in the following ways: Identifying entities and relationships : The E-R model allows designers to identify the entities in a database and the relationships between them. Entities are objects or concepts that exist in the real world, and relationships are the associations between entities. Defining attributes : The E-R model allows designers to define attributes for each entity. Attributes are characteristics of an entity that help to describe it. Normalizing data : The E-R model helps to normalize data by identifying duplicate data and removing it from the database. Normalization ensures that data is organized efficientl

Explain the architecture of Database System   The architecture of a database system is typically divided into three main layers: the external layer, the conceptual layer, and the internal layer. External layer: This layer is also known as the user layer or the view layer. It consists of user applications, which interact with the database through a user interface. The external layer provides users with a simplified view of the database and hides the complex details of the conceptual and internal layers. Users can access the data they need without knowing how it is stored or retrieved. Conceptual layer: This layer is also known as the logical layer or the schema layer. It provides a conceptual view of the entire database system, which describes the structure of the data and the relationships between different data elements. The conceptual layer defines the logical schema of the database, which specifies the data types, constraints, and relationships between tables. The conceptual layer i